Lara Prescott first learned about the history behind Doctor Zhivago in 2014 when her father sent her a Washington Post article about these declassified CIA documents. Up until that point, not many people knew about the story behind Doctor Zhivago and that the CIA viewed books as weapons during the Cold War, utilizing banned books to fight the Soviets and their propaganda. The true-life back story of Doctor Zhivago first came to light in 2014, when 130 documents and declassified CIA files were released, exposing the CIA “Books Program” of the Cold War era. While Sally and Irina are fictional characters, the covert spycraft behind Doctor Zhivago is entirely factual. The other half of The Secrets We Kept is told from the perspective of Boris Pasternak and his lover Olga Ivinskaya, the inspiration behind the character of Lara in Doctor Zhivago. The goal of this mission is to make people in the USSR question their government and expose the realities of communist life. Sally, the veteran spy, trains Irina and their mission is to first smuggle Boris Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago out of the USSR in order to publish it and then they must disseminate banned copies of Doctor Zhivago to Soviet citizens. Both women work as typists in the male-dominated CIA, but they are actually spies. Set mainly in the US and the USSR in the 1950s, the two main protagonists in The Secrets We Kept are Sally Forrester and Irina Drozdov. Prescott’s novel reveals the intriguing true-life espionage plot behind Boris Pasternak’s beloved novel, Doctor Zhivago. The film and TV rights have already been optioned. Selected for Reese Witherspoon’s Hello Sunshine Book Club for September 2019, the novel was also nominated as a Best Debut Novel in the 11th Annual Goodreads Choice Awards. One of the most highly anticipated historical novels to hit shelves this fall was Lara Prescott’s The Secrets We Kept (Hutchinson, September 2019). Told with soaring emotional intensity and captivating historical detail, this is an unforgettable debut: a celebration of the powerful belief that a work of art can change the world.The Secrets We Kept by Lara Prescott Reveals the Story Behind Doctor Zhivago The Secrets We Kept combines a legendary literary love story–the decades-long affair between Pasternak and his mistress and muse, Olga Ivinskaya, who inspired Zhivago’s heroine, Lara–with a narrative about two women empowered to lead lives of extraordinary intrigue and risk. Under Sally’s tutelage, Irina learns how to invisibly ferry classified documents–and discovers deeply buried truths about herself. Mentoring Irina is the glamorous Sally Forrester: a seasoned spy who has honed her gift for deceit, using her magnetism and charm to pry secrets out of powerful men. Her mission: to help smuggle Doctor Zhivago into the USSR, where it is banned, and enable Boris Pasternak’s magnum opus to make its way into print around the world. NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER * A thrilling tale of secretaries turned spies, of love and duty, and of sacrifice–inspired by the true story of the CIA plot to infiltrate the hearts and minds of Soviet Russia, not with propaganda, but with the greatest love story of the twentieth century: Doctor Zhivago * A HELLO SUNSHINE x REESE WITHERSPOON BOOK CLUB PICKĪt the height of the Cold War, Irina, a young Russian-American secretary, is plucked from the CIA typing pool and given the assignment of a lifetime. Recommendations from the African Diaspora.Workman Publishing Arrow Icon Arrow icon.Little, Brown Books for Young Readers Arrow Icon Arrow icon.Little, Brown and Company Arrow Icon Arrow icon.Hachette Nashville Arrow Icon Arrow icon.Grand Central Publishing Arrow Icon Arrow icon.
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(I’m pretty sure I won’t need iodine tablets when I visit my family.) You can still edit the master list of items, as well, adding what’s important to you (Divine Office book and Catechism are not on the app’s list) and deleting items you know you’ll never have to worry about bringing along. We weren’t missing anything! The good stuff is even better I emailed each girl her own list of items needed, then gathered my own clothing. I tried this out on a quick weekend trip we took. If you want to have a certain section of items just for an overnight bag, and have everything else in a list for a big suitcase, you can do it! Once you do the work, it stays done and ready for the next trip you take. Now, this does mean setting up your list to say what bag you want each item in as you add it, but once you put that in, it’s a part of the main catalog. If my kids want to know what they need in their toiletry bag, I can sort out the toiletries that they need specifically and give them that list. (“Sorry, honey, that’s part of my kitchen supply list, and I had to print that off on the bottom of your page.”) So I can sort out a list of JUST my younger daughter, email it to her and let her print it off, and not have her scratching her head as to why she has butter, mayonnaise, and chicken on the bottom of her list. The only thing better than organizing a packing list for vacation is the ability to sort it out based on person or bag that it goes in. It’s something I secretly wished for, but never actually got around to writing in about. This is best part is my other favorite improvement in this update. (I don’t know…maybe I don’t bump right or something.) And I often would want to print lists for my girls to have in their room while they packed, so that my phone was not lost in their room.īut emailing the lists is easier than it used to be, and the lists are formatted better than before. Using Bump and other apps that share in similar ways never seemed to work for us. I was never really certain if it would actually work, and I often resorted to printing the list from a file within iTunes (which is still a way to share the lists). When I first got the app, it could share, but it was kind of dodgy. T hey’ve just done a major overhaul on the app, and there are a couple of terrific features that make the app even more useful than it was before! Sharing is easierįirst of all, the sharing is much easier than it used to be. QuinnScape, the company that makes the Packing Pro app, is constantly looking for improvements to make, and sometimes it seems like they can read my mind. It’s the app that helps me make sure that I don’t go on vacation without important stuff like pants. Our blog is another great resource for all things moving.Last year, one of the first apps I wanted to share with readers was Packing Pro. įor more moving and packing tips, you can find over 100 tips on our Tumblr. Whiskers and the kids? Moving tips can be found in our Moving HowTo section. How much tape is too much tape? Why do I need to use packing paper? The answers to your packing questions are here. See why our boxes and supplies are safe, secure and save the environment. Get moving boxes and supplies that you can trust. We are also very happy to pack or unpack for you. Don’t want to pack everything yourself? No, problem. Our packing videos will get you packing like a pro. Need some pointers on how to pack your glass unicorn collection? What about that mess of cords that makes your surround sound plasma TV one of your most treasured friends? We can always pack for you, but if you’re looking to pack yourself, we’ve got the packing tips you need. Free shipping Free shipping Free shipping. While not well known, Lalique also experimented with bronze and other materials as well. Lalique Frosted Crystal Quail Partridge Pheasant 11611 France Signed Mint in Box. In addition to vases, clocks, automobile mascots, stemware, and bottles, many other useful objects were produced. Characteristically the glass is crystal in combination with acid-etched relief. Favored motifs during the Art Nouveau period were dancing nymphs, fish, dragonflies, and foliage. LALIQUE is internationally recognized as the ultimate symbol of French luxury. Dimensions 5.5' W x 7.0' H x 3. Condition - minor scratches visible to base. Lalique Opalescent St Clouds Vase Sturmans Antiques Ltd £145.00 162.94 167.72 Lalique 'Nu Assis'/'Nude Sitting' Sculpture Village-on-the-web Ltd £125.00 140.46 144.59 Lalique 2 Swans Seal Village-on-the-web Ltd £225.00 252.83 260.26 Marie-Claude Lalique Kazak Rearing Horse Sculpture Village-on-the-web Ltd. These pieces have a clear base and frosted finish to the birds, with Lalique France written by hand to the underside. Lalique glass is lead based, either mold blown or pressed. Art GlassArtDecorative ArtSculptures and Carvings Item Details A collection of two Lalique art glass quail sculptures. Born in the small village of Ay in 1860, and raised in both Paris and Ay, young René developed a fascination with the natural world which would fully express itself in later artworks. Please check the pictures as they form part of the item description. Measures 5cm (h) x 10cm (diam.) approximately. Provenance: the estate of Margaret Wemyss Connor, Nashville, Tennessee. Lalique is a French glasswear design house founded by artist, master ceramist and jeweler René Lalique. Lalique created a series of similarly-themed pieces (sparrow, swan, quail, etc) during the 1980’s so this piece most likely dates from then. During the art nouveau period, Lalique was well known for a wide variety of objects including perfume bottles, vases, inkwells, decorative boxes, and bookends. Underside of base inscribed 'Lalique France'. The success of this venture resulted in the opening of his own glassworks at Combs-la-Ville in 1909. Lalique glass was made in this manner until approximately 1905 at which time the factory was redesigned for a larger production.Īs such, the individual uniqueness of each example of Lalique glass came to an end with the end of the one-time only molding technique around wax models. Then, the wax is melted and molten glass is poured into the mold. Early works used the familiar "lost wax" technique by which the model is made in wax while a mold is formed around the model. One bird is standing and called, 'Worry Quail' and the second bird is croaching. Lalique pursued increasingly more innovative experimentation in glass commencing around 1883. A beautiful pair of Lalique France Frosted Partridge or Quail Figurines. Frosted and clear crystal Lalique Quail ring dish with quail figurine at center and brand signature at underside. René Lalique was born in 1860 and first began designing fine jewelry in Paris in 1881. £145.00 159.99 163.82 Lalique Soliflore Royal Palm Emerald Green Vase Village-on-the-web Ltd £1650 1820.61 1864.17 Collection Of Four Rene Lalique Coquilles Where Memories Meet £235.00 259.3 265.5 Lalique 'Deux Fleurs' Perfume Bottle Village-on-the-web Ltd £210.00 231.71 237. René Lalique became synonymous with French Art Nouveau decorative arts. » Antique Furniture(10209) » Memorabilia(247) » Antique Glass (3709) » Antique and Vintage Jewelry(7004) » Art (paintings, prints, frames)(10997) » Antique Lamps and Lighting(4370) » Antique Paper Items(2914) » Antique Textiles(1441) » Antique Garden & Architectural(1266) » Decorative Interior(6216) » Antique Silver(2416) » Antique Toys(855) » Antique Clocks(692) » Antique Books & Manuscripts(2160) » Antique Coins(6632) » Antique Porcelain & Pottery(10956) » Reproductions(669) » Sculpture(425) » Antique & Vintage Kitchen items(859) » Antique Rugs(1690) » Music & Instruments(401) » Antiquities(13234) » Photography(1123) » Antique Arms and Armor(346) » Instruments and Implements(2391) » Asian Antiques(2791) » Mid Century Modern(487) » Regional & Ethnic Antiques(1170) » Misc.Crystal Classics is an authorized Lalique online boutique. Even though it was known from the start that Cinderella would eventually end up with Prince Charming, some find her to be kind, grateful and even amazed with Aqua when she mentioned Terra and thanked the Disney Princess for helping him. It is one of the most popular ships involving a Disney character with a non-Disney character. Like Terrella, Aquarella is a rather popular Kingdom Hearts ship. Aqua thinks about Cinderella, as she reflects on the many people she met before ending up in the Realm of Darkness.Aqua helps Cinderella down a few steps of stairs in the game, as helpers of royalty would.The two are also kind hearted, have faced their own kind of hardships, like the loss of a father or a father-like figure, and get along with animals, like Jaq the mouse, who is friends with both of them in the Kingdom Hearts universe. Once the battle was over, Aqua watches Cinderella from afar as she and the Prince embrace each other.īoth Aqua and Cinderella have blue as their signature colour, as it is the colour of Cinderella's signature Disney Princess gown, along with it being the colour of Aqua's hair, parts of her clothes, Keyblade and the colour of the Wayfinder good luck charm she made for herself. Aqua uses her body to shield Cinderella before she gets her to safety, so she can defeat the Unversed without putting Cinderella's life in danger. When it looked like that Cinderella is going to have her happy ever after as the Duke brings her back to the castle, her step-family attack them with the help of a pumpkin carriage Unversed, to which the Gran Duke alerts Aqua of before she goes to Cinderella's rescue. As Cinderella asks the Duke she can try it on, Aqua lets Cinderella take her place before escorting her to the chair and as they waited for the slipper to be brought to Cinderella Aqua thanks her for helping Terra. When Aqua felt that Jaq was taking too long in freeing Cinderella from the locked room and was restored to her true size, she buys them some time by asking the Gran Duke if she can try on the glass slipper in which worked. Aqua's path crosses with Cinderella again, after she sensed the darkness emanating from her step-family and later helped Cinderella's Fairy Godmother and friend Jaq to reunite her with the Prince. He tells Aqua that it was Cinderella who helped him to keep believing and to understand that the light from a dream can fight off the darkness, in which delights Aqua as it meant that her friend hasn't let go of his light. Shortly after Aqua arrives on Castle of Dreams she catches a small glimpse of Cinderella leaving, before Terra gets her attention. To be in with a chance of winning (and there's a fairly good chance you'll get something), follow the link below and enter. The vast GOG Summer Sale comes to an end this Sunday but the lovely folks over there have gone and sent us a few hundred game keys to give away to folks just like you. On top of all of that, we've got another batch of this week's best deals to check over.Īs usual, we've got deals that'll work in the UK, deals that'll work in the US and some deals that will work in both the UK and US, as well as presumably many other places. At the very least, we've seen some Death Stranding and as such, it seems we now have the video game version of Kevin Costner's The Postman we've all quietly wanted for years. Whether or not you feel like you saw what you wanted to see, it was certainly the annual spectacle we've come to expect. Create a backlog, submit your game times and compete with your friends Forum Stats Submit Login Join Blackwake.Once more, we close the book on yet another E3. Just because the new Xbox Series X is in the limelight doesn’t mean the Xbox One is done. Fire the cannons, sink enemy ships or board them with firearms and steel.īlackwake is a multiplayer naval FPS focused on teamwork and cooperation. It may not have the momentum of the Switch or the buzz surrounding the PlayStation 5, but that's just fine. Left 4 Dead is set in a zombie apocalypse situation. It's been around the block a few times and has a massive catalog of amazing titles to play.īetween the Xbox One X and its surprisingly robust Game Pass subscription that gives you access to 100-plus games (including a good number of titles on this list), Microsoft has managed to carve out its own path in the past decade. It’s one of the best PC pirate games and if you still own a PSP, Xbox 360 or a smartphone, you can also play it on those platforms. You play as one of four different characters - Louis, Zoe, Bill or Francis - and try to go to safety zones at each of the levels or leaving the infected areas. Nintendo Switch, PS4 und Xbox One haben tolle Spiele, ein paar PC-Titel, die wir liebend gern mit Controller auf der Couch genießen wollen gibt es aber. Platform: Xbox 360, Wii, PSP & PC, as well as iOS and Android. Want to buy Sid Meier’s Pirates Click Here. Blackwake is a pirate multiplayer FPS that is available to purchase on. If you want to squeeze a bit more life from your current console before you upgrade (or maybe you scored an Xbox One on the cheap), these are some of the best Xbox One games we've played.īe sure to check our other buying guides, including Our Favorite Online Co-Op Games, the Best Xbox Series X/S Games, and the Best Gaming Headsets, for more. Updated August 2021: We've added five titles, including Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice, Death's Door, and Ghosts N' Goblins: Resurrection. Special offer for Gear readers: Get a 1-year subscription to WIRED for $5 ($25 off). 5.99 5.99 Add all DLC to Cart About This Game Blackwake is a multiplayer naval FPS focused on teamwork and cooperation. This includes unlimited access to and our print magazine (if you'd like). Fire cannons, sink ships or board them with FPS combat 54 Players, small and large ships. Protection of digital assets is of priority in research. As a result of this, protection mechanism required for the These digital assets are subjected to various types The availability of bandwidth for internet access is sufficient enough toĬommunicate digital assets. Keywords: histogram texture parameters, texture analysis, characterization, classification, brain tissues, stroke, computed tomography The characterizationĪnd classification of brain tissue using histogram parameters were satisfactory and may be suitable for automated diagnosis of stroke. With ANN and k-NN, the weighted sensitivity and specificity were above 0.9 while the false positive and false negative rates were negligible. Three parameters namely mean, 90 and 99 percentiles discriminated between normal brain tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke lesions. Haemorrhagic lesions using the radiologists’ categorization as the gold standard, and further analysed using the ROC curve. The artificial neural network (ANN) and k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) algorithms were used to classify the ROIs into normal tissue, ischaemic and Raw data analysis identified parameters that discriminated between normal brain tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke lesions. Histogram texture parameters were calculated for them. Four regions of interest (ROIs) in each CT slice with lesion were selected for analysis two each represented the lesion and normal tissue. In the case study, two radiologists independently inspected non-contrast CT images of 164 stroke to identify and categorize brain tissue into normal, ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes. It explored texture analysis in medical imaging. This chapter describes histogram-based texture characterization and classification of brain tissue in CT images of stroke patients using a case study. This paper reviews the different current research works on prototype instruments and a comparison of this new alternative instrument with available commercial ones. The aim of the present contribution is to distinguish soiling from degradations (abrasion or corrosion of the reflective layer). The analysis of the images will quantify the soiling rate in order to optimize the frequency of cleaning water operations. This equipment allows addressing variable wavelength, incidence and acceptance angles, to compare specular and hemispherical reflectance from other devices. CEA has developed a new kind of laboratory sensor to measure separately the loss of reflectance due to the degradation and soiling, thanks to a CCD camera and photodiodes. Several commercial instruments already exist to measure optical reflectance, but they are dedicated to a single wavelength range or angle, punctual measurements or to laboratory analyses. In order to provide an adequate cleaning strategy, operators need to determine soiling-induced performance loss. In both cases, small degradations or dust deposition cause an optical reflectance loss. It is imperative to dissociate soiling that requires cleaning from irreversible degradations which affect the plant performance. The goal of this document is introducing these mathematical descriptions in a way easily to understand.ĭuring the life time of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants, optical performance of solar mirrors is affected by soiling phenomena and surface degradation. However, these objects must be described mathematically when they are to be detected automatically with a computer. Scientists, engineers and medical doctors who intend to analyze images usually know how their images were generated and how the objects of interest look like. This document explains how digital images can be represented mathematically and basic methods for finding objects and describing regions. There are some basic methods to distinguish between objects and background and to describe regions in digital images. When processing an image with a computer, it must be digitized or created in a digital format. Images are generated by optical cameras, ultrasound, x-ray machines and other imaging devices. detection of surface defects in industrial quality control, detection of anatomical landmarks in surgery, counting cells in bio- technology and classification of regions in remote sensing. There are various applications of image processing, e. I drive through that corridor a lot, and usually see a few people on bikes during the day.can't remember who it was, but I know I've read of a couple people riding from Park Place or Ghent to their jobs downtown. The bike lanes have been pretty successful, from what I've seen. It shows transportation routes spanning over 21,000 miles. More on the gentrification, not so much new development, although there are pockets of PP that could get a new condo/apartment building or townhouses. This is an interactive system map of Norfolk Southern, a class I rail carrier along the east coast. Stationmasters house and also situated adjacent to the station is Yaxham Light Railway. I was thinking the same thing about 26th and 27th St., through Park Place. It was part of the original Wymondham to Wells branch line. Call or text Security 24/7 at 20, for emergencies please call 911 Mobility Assistance For Sound Transit accessibility inquiries please contact 1-80, TTY Relay 711. It shows transportation routes spanning over 31,900 miles. Sound Transit Schedules and Maps For General Rider Inquiries: 1-88, TTY Relay 711, available Monday - Friday, 7 a.m. Also a more eastern alignment down Church or Monticello puts a few more neighborhoods like Huntersville and Villa Heights within walking distance of a train stop. This is an interactive system map of the Union Pacific (UP) Railroad, a class I rail carrier along the western half of the United States. Metro Center NW, Washington, DC, Red Line Orange Line Silver. If you're considering 5-8, I feel like going down Church or Monticello, where there are more businesses and undeveloped land that has the potential to be high density residential, makes more sense than going down mostly residential Llewellyn. This dataset contains polyline features of the light rail route (The Tide). To plan your next trip, visit our Trip Planner. This dataset contains polyline features of the light rail route (The Tide). As a result the C and F lines are currently suspended, and the R Line is not running south of Lincoln Station. A light rail line down Church Street could spark gentrification on a level we haven't seen yet in Norfolk, at least in a pretty long time. Rail System Map RTD continues to operate at reduced COVID-19 service levels. Wondershare Filmora is an all-in-one video player and editor. Wondershare Filmora for Mac: Play and Edit Your Videos Supported media formats: MP3, WMV, WebM, MKV, MPEG-4/2 etc.ģ. Key features: VLC media player has cross-platform features and can be used on Windows, macOS, GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, Android, iOS, QNX, Syllable Desktop and OS/2. You will be glad to know that VLC media player can play everything on single platform whether it is collection of streams, devices, webcams, discs and files etc. It can help with advanced video playbacks along with classic audio/video filters and subtitle synchronization. This software offers hardware decoding for most platform. VLC Media Player for Macĭesigned by Video LAN, VLC is a free and open-source multimedia player. If the highlighted parts of the video push you to trim and save, you can refer to a Mac video editor with advanced trmming tools. With these video players mentioned above, you can heartily enjoy the high-quality videos. Supported media formats: Ogg, Matroska, Flash Video, DivX Media Format, ASF, MPEG, MP3, DV-DIF, WAV, and AIFF, etc. Key features: QuickTime Player's easy slider can assist you to playback about 3 times faster than normal speed. In other words, your viewing experience will be smoother through the QuickTime player. It can effectively manage the storage space of HD video and reduce bandwidth utilization. QuickTime Player has advanced video compression technology. You can breeze through play videos, sounds, pictures, and panoramic images through this software, as QuickTime supports a wide range of media formats. Released by Apple in 2009, QuickTime is a media player for macOS, which is free to download and easy to use. This article contains the best free-to-use and easy-to-operate software tools that are specially designed to serve Mac users. If you are a Mac user searching for some of the best Video players to watch your videos with ease, then the list below can help you. The 5 th movie, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003) was slated to be a loose remake of the original, with Jessica Biel leading the cast. Other than the original movie, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974), only the 5 th installment has not been a flop. …and thus Leatherface was born… Top Grossing Chainsaw Films The doctor was taking a cadaver class and decided to creep into the morgue at night and skin one alive to create a scary Halloween mask for himself. However, Tobe Hooper reveals in an interview that the true inspiration for Leatherface was a story he heard from a doctor once about his time in medical school. The True Inspiration for Leatherface Wasn’t Ed GeinĪ lot of people instantly assume that Ed Gein was the primary inspiration for a flesh-mask-wearing killer. The second film refers to the family as the “Sawyers.” The fifth and sixth Texas Chainsaw installments use the last name “Hewitt.” And the seventh and eighth movies return to using last name “Sawyer.” No clear reason has been given for the name change. The first, third and fourth movies did not give the family a last name. The sadistic, cannibalistic family that stars throughout the Texas Chainsaw Massacre movies actually had two different last names, depending upon the movie in the franchise. He is a terrifying monster to encounter, especially if you’re traveling in a Volkswagen bus from the 70s! With that being said, many horror movie fans wonder, how did the Texas Chainsaw Massacre get so gruesome? What were the deciding factors in determining the scariest look and feel to this horror classic? Horror Enthusiast has searched deep through the horror and ‘macabre’ that was witnessed throughout the Texas Chainsaw Massacre movies to find the most interesting and amazing Leatherface and Texas Chainsaw facts! Texas Chainsaw Massacre Movie Trivia Two Family Names: Hewitt and Sawyer The beloved flesh-wearing favorite, Leatherface, has been responsible for some of the most gruesome kills on screen of all time. Have a frightful Friday everyone, and be sure to come back on March 4 for my review of “The Conjuring.Interesting Facts About The Texas Chainsaw Massacre I would still recommend watching it, but I stand by the fact that this movie was completely unnecessary to produce. “The Texas Chain Saw Massacre” had potential, but failed to deliver in the categories that make horror movies stand out. While shorter films are usually preferable, this film would have benefited from longer and more detailed screen time. At times, the actors’ attempts at being heartfelt and serious seemed cheesy and laughable.Įntertaining: How fun is it to watch? Rating: 5/10 Despite this, however, the acting brings down the film’s score. The production is fairly advanced, especially given the time of release and mere $140,000 budget. Quality: How well is it produced? How good is the acting? Rating: 7/10 Although there were some interesting aspects to the storyline, it would have been better to see the backstory of the sadistic Sawyer family themselves. Plot: Is the storyline/script interesting? Rating: 5/10Īs stated above, the director should’ve spent more time developing the plot of the film before diving into senseless murder scenes. As a result, the movie created more confusion than fear. The jump scares and chase scenes are relatively meaningless without an established plot. While there is gore present, “The Texas Chain Saw Massacre” is without purpose. The Texas Chain Saw Massacre by Jula Utzschneider Fright Factor: How scary is the movie? Rating: 6/10 In the Tamil column, round brackets enclosing a letter indicates that it is pronounced and transliterated as such only in words borrowed from Sanskrit or some other language. In the Tamil and Devanagari columns, a dash (–) indicates that there is no exact equivalent in that script for the concerned letter in the other script. In the first column I list all the diacritic and non-diacritic Latin characters that I use to transliterate the Tamil and Sanskrit alphabets in the second column I give the Tamil letter that each such character represents in the third column I give the Devanagari letter that it represents and in the last column I give an indication of its pronunciation or articulation. The following table summarises this transliteration scheme. The transliteration scheme that I use is based upon several closely related schemes, namely the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST), the scheme used in the Tamil Lexicon, the National Library at Kolkata romanization scheme, the American Library Association and the Library of Congress (ALA-LC) transliteration schemes and the more recent international standard known as ‘ ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters’ (a detailed description of which is available here). The classification of Sanskrit consonants.Transliteration of Sanskrit consonantal diacritics.Transliteration of Grantha consonants used in Tamil.Transliteration Scheme and Pronunciation. |
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